摘要：飛行汽車技術(shù)快速發(fā)展，企業(yè)積極布局，政策支持增加，但商業(yè)化仍面臨技術(shù)、法規(guī)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和市場(chǎng)等挑戰(zhàn)。需多方努力解決，預(yù)計(jì)10-20年內(nèi)可能逐漸商業(yè)化，具體時(shí)間不確定。

    Abstract: The rapid development of flying car technology, active layout of enterprises, and increased policy support, but commercialization still faces challenges in terms of technology, regulations, infrastructure, and market. Multiple efforts are needed to resolve the issue, and it is expected to gradually commercialize within 10-20 years, with an uncertain timeline.

發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀表明未來(lái)已來(lái)

   技術(shù)快速進(jìn)步：近年來(lái)飛行汽車技術(shù)取得了顯著進(jìn)展。在動(dòng)力技術(shù)方面，電動(dòng)垂直起降飛行器（eVTOL）成為主要發(fā)展方向，電動(dòng)技術(shù)具有環(huán)保、低噪音等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并且一些企業(yè)已經(jīng)推出了高能量密度的動(dòng)力電池，能夠滿足一定的飛行需求。例如孚能科技已率先量產(chǎn)交付 eVTOL 動(dòng)力電池，并在不斷提高電池的能量密度。飛行控制技術(shù)也在不斷提升，自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)、導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)、避障系統(tǒng)等逐漸應(yīng)用于飛行汽車，提高了飛行的穩(wěn)定性和安全性。

  企業(yè)積極布局：眾多企業(yè)紛紛涉足飛行汽車領(lǐng)域，包括傳統(tǒng)車企如吉利、廣汽，造車新銳企業(yè)如小鵬匯天，以及初創(chuàng)公司如峰飛航空、億航智能等。這些企業(yè)投入大量資源進(jìn)行研發(fā)，部分企業(yè)的飛行汽車已經(jīng)完成了試飛、獲得型號(hào)合格證或取得了采購(gòu)訂單。

   政策支持增加：政府對(duì)飛行汽車的發(fā)展給予了高度關(guān)注和支持，將部分地區(qū)劃定為無(wú)人駕駛航空試驗(yàn)基地和低空飛行改革試點(diǎn)省份、城市，還出臺(tái)了一系列政策文件對(duì)飛行汽車的發(fā)展進(jìn)行規(guī)劃和部署。例如《綠色航空制造業(yè)發(fā)展綱要（2023-2035 年）》提出了飛行汽車相關(guān)的發(fā)展目標(biāo)和技術(shù)要求。

The current development status indicates that the future has arrived

Rapid technological advancement: In recent years, significant progress has been made in flying car technology. In terms of power technology, electric vertical takeoff and landing vehicles (eVTOL) have become the main development direction. Electric technology has advantages such as environmental protection and low noise, and some companies have launched high-energy density power batteries that can meet certain flight needs. For example, Funeng Technology has taken the lead in mass producing and delivering eVTOL power batteries, and is continuously improving the energy density of the batteries. Flight control technology is also constantly improving, with autonomous driving technology, navigation systems, obstacle avoidance systems, etc. gradually being applied to flying cars, improving the stability and safety of flight.

Active layout of enterprises: Many companies have entered the field of flying cars, including traditional car companies such as Geely and GAC, emerging car manufacturers such as Xiaopeng Huitian, and start-up companies such as Fengfei Aviation and Yihang Intelligence. These enterprises have invested a lot of resources in research and development, and some of their flying cars have completed test flights, obtained model certificates, or obtained purchase orders.

Increased policy support: The government has given high attention and support to the development of flying cars, designating some areas as unmanned aerial testing bases and low altitude flight reform pilot provinces and cities. A series of policy documents have also been issued to plan and deploy the development of flying cars. For example, the "Outline for the Development of Green Aviation Manufacturing Industry (2023-2035)" proposes development goals and technical requirements related to flying cars.

商業(yè)化仍面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)

   技術(shù)層面：

       續(xù)航里程有限：目前飛行汽車的電池能量密度仍然有待提高，導(dǎo)致續(xù)航里程較短，難以滿足長(zhǎng)途出行的需求。例如一些飛行汽車的續(xù)航里程僅在幾百公里左右，與傳統(tǒng)汽車相比還有較大差距。

       飛行穩(wěn)定性和可靠性有待提升：飛行汽車需要在復(fù)雜的氣象條件和城市環(huán)境中飛行，對(duì)飛行控制系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性要求極高。目前的技術(shù)還需要進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證和完善，以確保飛行的安全。

       噪音問(wèn)題：飛行汽車在飛行過(guò)程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大的噪音，可能會(huì)對(duì)城市居民的生活造成干擾，需要在技術(shù)上進(jìn)行改進(jìn)以降低噪音。

   法規(guī)層面：

       適航認(rèn)證復(fù)雜：飛行汽車作為一種新型航空器，需要通過(guò)嚴(yán)格的適航認(rèn)證，確保其安全性和可靠性。適航認(rèn)證的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和程序還在不斷完善中，這需要企業(yè)投入大量的時(shí)間和精力。

       空中交通管理法規(guī)缺失：目前全球范圍內(nèi)還沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的空中交通管理法規(guī)來(lái)規(guī)范飛行汽車的飛行，各國(guó)政府需要共同參與制定相關(guān)法規(guī)，明確飛行規(guī)則、駕駛員資質(zhì)、空域使用等方面的要求。

   基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施層面：

       起降點(diǎn)不足：飛行汽車需要專門的起降點(diǎn)，但目前城市中起降點(diǎn)的數(shù)量嚴(yán)重不足，建設(shè)起降點(diǎn)需要占用大量的土地資源和資金投入。

       充電設(shè)施不完善：電動(dòng)飛行汽車需要便捷的充電設(shè)施，但目前充電設(shè)施的建設(shè)還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足需求，充電時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、充電效率低等問(wèn)題也制約了飛行汽車的發(fā)展。

   市場(chǎng)層面：        成本高昂：飛行汽車的研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)營(yíng)成本較高，導(dǎo)致其售價(jià)昂貴，超出了大多數(shù)消費(fèi)者的承受范圍。目前飛行汽車的價(jià)格從數(shù)百萬(wàn)到數(shù)千萬(wàn)不等，市場(chǎng)需求受到限制。

       消費(fèi)者接受度低：飛行汽車作為一種新型交通工具，消費(fèi)者對(duì)其安全性、可靠性和操作便利性還存在疑慮，需要通過(guò)市場(chǎng)推廣和宣傳來(lái)提高消費(fèi)者的接受度。

Commercialization still faces many challenges

On a technical level:

Limited range: Currently, the battery energy density of flying cars still needs to be improved, resulting in shorter range and difficulty in meeting the needs of long-distance travel. For example, some flying cars have a range of only a few hundred kilometers, which is still far behind traditional cars.

Flight stability and reliability need to be improved: Flying cars need to fly in complex weather conditions and urban environments, which require extremely high stability and reliability of the flight control system. The current technology still needs further validation and improvement to ensure flight safety.

Noise issue: Flying cars generate significant noise during flight, which may disrupt the daily lives of urban residents. Technical improvements are needed to reduce noise levels.

At the regulatory level:

Airworthiness certification is complex: As a new type of aircraft, flying cars require strict airworthiness certification to ensure their safety and reliability. The standards and procedures for airworthiness certification are still being continuously improved, which requires enterprises to invest a lot of time and effort.

Lack of air traffic management regulations: Currently, there is no unified air traffic management regulation worldwide to regulate the flight of flying vehicles. Governments of various countries need to jointly participate in the formulation of relevant regulations, clarify requirements for flight rules, pilot qualifications, airspace use, and other aspects.

At the infrastructure level:

Insufficient takeoff and landing points: Flying cars require specialized takeoff and landing points, but currently the number of takeoff and landing points in cities is seriously insufficient, and the construction of takeoff and landing points requires a large amount of land resources and capital investment.

Inadequate charging facilities: Electric flying cars require convenient charging facilities, but the current construction of charging facilities is far from meeting the demand. Long charging time and low charging efficiency also constrain the development of flying cars.

Market level: High cost: The research and development, production, and operation costs of flying cars are high, resulting in their expensive prices that exceed the affordability of most consumers. At present, the prices of flying cars range from millions to tens of millions, and market demand is limited.

Low consumer acceptance: As a new type of transportation, flying cars still have doubts about their safety, reliability, and ease of operation, and it is necessary to improve consumer acceptance through market promotion and publicity.

    總體而言，飛行汽車的商業(yè)化之路還面臨著技術(shù)、法規(guī)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和市場(chǎng)等多方面的挑戰(zhàn)，需要政府、企業(yè)和社會(huì)各界共同努力，逐步解決這些問(wèn)題，才能推動(dòng)飛行汽車的廣泛商業(yè)化應(yīng)用。預(yù)計(jì)在未來(lái) 10 - 20 年左右，飛行汽車可能會(huì)逐漸實(shí)現(xiàn)商業(yè)化，但具體時(shí)間仍具有不確定性。

    Overall, the commercialization of flying cars still faces challenges in terms of technology, regulations, infrastructure, and market. It requires joint efforts from the government, enterprises, and all sectors of society to gradually solve these problems in order to promote the widespread commercial application of flying cars. It is expected that flying cars may gradually achieve commercialization in the next 10-20 years, but the specific time is still uncertain.（文/飛行汽車 feiauto）